The continuous rise in lung cancer cases in India has alarmed health experts. Continuous exposure to air pollution has increased lung cancer cases across the country. According to recent statistics, lung cancer accounts for a substantial portion of cancer-related deaths in India. However, did you know that most lung cancer patients in India have never smoked? Yes, you read that right. A recent study reveals that lung cancer in Southeast Asia is unique and different from other parts of Asia and the West. The research emphasized that a significant number of lung cancer patients in India have no history of smoking, however, air pollution is causing lung cancer even among non-smokers.
According to the researchers, including experts from Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai, the ratio of lung cancer research output from India to the global research output stands at 0.51. Published in The Lancet's eClinical Medicine Journal, the study unveiled that lung cancer typically manifests in India approximately ten years earlier than in Western nations, often diagnosed between the ages of 54 and 70.
The authors of the study reveal that regional risk factors such as air pollution and genetic mutations are also significant contributors. Over the years, the incidence rate of lung cancer has risen from 6.62 per 100,000 in 1990 to 7.7 per 100,000 in 2019, with urban areas expected to see further increases by 2025. The disparity in lung cancer cases between genders reflects higher tobacco usage among men (42.4 per cent compared to 14.2 per cent among women).
In a related study from the series, researchers, including those from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, examined the impact of climate change on lung cancer across Asia.
Citing data from the World Air Quality Report 2022, the authors noted that South Asia hosts 37 of the world's 40 most polluted cities, with India ranking among the top four most polluted countries.
The researchers highlighted that countries like China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand experienced the highest incidence of lung cancer in 2020, with over 965,000 new cases.
"Climate change exacerbates the already significant public health challenge posed by lung cancer in Asia," the authors wrote.
How To Reduce The Risk Of Lung Cancer?
Reducing the risk of lung cancer involves several proactive measures aimed at minimizing exposure to known risk factors. Here are key strategies:
Quit Smoking: If you smoke, quitting is the most effective way to reduce your risk of lung cancer. Seek support from healthcare professionals or cessation programs if needed.
Avoid Secondhand Smoke: Limit exposure to secondhand smoke, which can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Encourage smoking restrictions in indoor spaces and vehicles.
Protect Against Radon: Radon, a natural radioactive gas, can seep into homes from the ground. Test your home for radon levels and take steps to reduce exposure if levels are high.
Minimize Exposure to Carcinogens at Work: If you work in an environment with known carcinogens such as asbestos, arsenic, or certain industrial chemicals, follow safety protocols and use protective equipment.
Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution: While challenging in urban areas, try to limit exposure to outdoor air pollution. Use indoor air filters if necessary and stay informed about air quality levels in your area.
Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Adopting a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight can help reduce overall cancer risk, including lung cancer.
Screening and Early Detection: If you are at high risk (e.g., smokers or former smokers), discuss with your healthcare provider about screening tests such as low-dose CT scans, which can detect lung cancer early when treatment is most effective.